Metronidazole Tablets 0.2g, 0.25g, 0.4g, 0.5g Oral Medications

Metronidazole Tablets 0.2g, 0.25g, 0.4g, 0.5g Oral Medications

Product : Metronidazole Tablets

Specification : 0.2g, 0.25g, 0.4g, 0.5g

Standard : BP, USP

Packing : 10’s/blister

Description :

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole used to treat amebiasis; vaginitis; trichomonas infections; giardiasis; anaerobic bacteria; and treponemal infections. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Indications and Dosages :

➤➤To treat systemic anaerobic infections caused by Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus,and Veillonella species

capsules, tablets

Adults and adolescents. 7.5 mg/kg up to 1,000 mg every 6 hr for 7 days or longer.

Maximum: 4,000 mg daily.

Children. 7.5 mg/kg every 6 hr or 10 mg/kg every 8 hr.

i.v. infusion

Adults and adolescents. Initial: 15 mg/kg and then 7.5 mg/kg up to 1,000 mg every 6 hr for 7 days or longer. Maximum: 4,000 mg daily.

Children. 7.5 mg/kg every 6 hr or 10 mg/kg every 8 hr.

➤➤To treat amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)

capsules, tablets

Adults. 500 to 750 mg three times daily for 5 to 10 days.

Children. 11.6 to 16.7 mg/kg three times daily for 10 days.

➤➤To treat trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)

capsules, tablets

Adults. 2,000 mg as a single dose, 1,000 mg twice daily for 24 hr, or 250 mg three times daily for 7 days.

Children. 5 mg/kg three times daily for 7 days.

➤➤To prevent perioperative bowel infection

i.v. infusion

Adults and adolescents. 15 mg/kg 1 hr before surgery and then 7.5 mg/kg 6 and 12 hr after initial dose.

➤➤To treat acne in patients with rosacea

topical gel

Adults. Thin film applied to affected area twice daily for 9 wk.

➤➤To treat bacterial vaginosis

vaginal cream

Adults. 500 mg (1 applicatorful) once or twice daily for 10 to 20 days.

vaginal gel

Adults. 37.5 mg (1 applicatorful) once or twice daily for 5 days.

vaginal tablets

Adults. 500 mg at bedtime for 10 to 20 days.

Mechanism of Action

Undergoes intracellular chemical reduction during anaerobic metabolism. After metronidazole is reduced, it damages DNA’s helical structure and breaks its strands, which inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and causes cell death.

Incompatibilities

Don’t administer I.V. metronidazole with aluminum needles or hubs or through same I.V. line as other drugs.

Contraindications

Breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to metronidazole or its components, trichomoniasis during first trimester of pregnancy

Interaction

drugs

cimetidine: Possibly delayed elimination and increased blood level of metronidazole

disulfiram: Possibly combined toxicity, with confusion and psychotic reactions

neurotoxic drugs: Increased risk of neurotoxicity

oral anticoagulants: Possibly increased anticoagulant effect

phenobarbital: Increased metabolism and decreased blood level and half-life of metronidazole

phenytoin: Decreased phenytoin clearance

activities

alcohol use: Possibly disulfiram-like effects

Adverse Reactions

CNS: Aseptic meningitis (parenteral form), ataxia, confusion, depression, dizziness, encephalopathy, fever, headache, incoordination, insomnia, irritability, lightheadedness, peripheral neuropathy, seizures (high doses), syncope, weakness, vertigo

EENT: Dry mouth, lacrimation (topical form), metallic taste, nasal congestion, optic neuropathy, pharyngitis

GI: Abdominal cramps or pain, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, pancreatitis, vomiting

GU: Dark urine, vaginal candidiasis (oral, parenteral, and topical forms); burning or irritation of sexual partner’s penis, candida cervicitis or vaginitis, dysuria, dryness of vagina or vulva, urinary frequency, vulvitis (vaginal form)

Pharmacodynamics :

Metronidazole, a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent of the nitroimidazole class, is used against protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis, and giardiasis. Metronidazole is extremely effective against anaerobic bacterial infections and is also used to treat Crohn's disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and rosacea.

Mechanism of action :

Metronidazole is a prodrug. Unionized metronidazole is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce metronidazole to its active form. This reduced metronidazole then covalently binds to DNA, disrupt its helical structure, inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and resulting in bacterial cell death.