Hydrocortisone Powder for Injection , Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate for Injection 100mg

Hydrocortisone Powder for Injection , Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate for Injection 100mg

Product : Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate for Injection

Specification : 100mg,250mg, 500mg

Standard : BP, USP

Packing : 50vials/box

Description :

Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid. It is commonly used to treat inflammation of the skin, joints, lungs, and other organs. Common conditions treated include asthma, allergies, and arthritis. It is also used for other conditions, such as blood disorders and diseases of the adrenal glands

Indications and Dosages :

➤➤To treat severe inflammation or acute adrenal insufficiency

oral suspension, tablets (hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone cypionate)

Adults. 20 to 240 mg daily as a single dose or in divided doses.

i.v. infusion or i.v., i.m., or subcutaneous injection (hydrocortisone sodium phosphate); i.m. injection (hydrocortisone)

Adults. 15 to 240 mg daily as a single dose or in divided doses. Usual: One-half to one-third the oral dose.

dosage adjustment Dosage increased to more than 240 mg daily if needed to treat acute disease.

i.v. infusion; i.v. or i.m. injection (hydrocortisone sodium succinate)

Adults. 100 to 500 mg every 2, 4, or 6 hr.

➤➤To treat joint and tissue inflammation intra-articular injection (hydrocortisone acetate)

Adults. 25 to 37.5 mg injected into large joints or bursae as a single dose, or 10 to 25 mg into small joints as a single dose.

intralesional injection (hydrocortisone acetate)

Adults. 5 to 12.5 mg injected into tendon sheaths as a single dose, or 12.5 to 25 mg injected into ganglia as a single dose.

soft-tissue injection (hydrocortisone acetate)

Adults. 25 to 50 mg as a single dose. Sometimes a dose of up to 75 mg is needed.

➤➤As adjunct to treat ulcerative proctitis of the distal portion of the rectum in patients who can’t retain hydrocortisone or other corticosteroid enemas

rectal aerosol (hydrocortisone acetate)

Adult men. Initial: 1 applicatorful once or twice daily for 2 to 3 wk; then every other day thereafter. Maintenance: Highly individualized.

➤➤To treat ulcerative colitis

enema (hydrocortisone)

Adults. 100 mg every night for 2 to 3 wk or until condition improves.

Route              Onset             Peak              Duration

P.O.†            Unknown            1 hr           1.25–1.5 days

P.O.||             Unknown          1–2 hr             Unknown

I.V. ‡§              Rapid          Unknown           Unknown

I.M.†              Unknown          4–8 hr             Unknown

I.M.‡                Rapid               1 hr               Unknown

I.M.§                Rapid               1 hr               Variable

Other*            Unknown       24–48 hr        3 days–4 wk

Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life and regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by having different receptors, target cells, and effects. Technically, the term corticosteroid refers to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity. They act by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, the most important of which is the IL-2. Reduced cytokine production limits T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids also suppress humoral immunity, causing B cells to express lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis. The diminished amounts of IL-2 also leads to fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.